Windows 8 is the next version of
Microsoft Windows, a family of
operating systems produced by
Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business
desktops,
laptops,
netbooks,
tablet PCs,
servers, and
media center PCs.
[3] It adds support for
ARM microprocessors in addition to the traditional
x86 microprocessors from
Intel and
AMD. Its user interface has been changed to make it better suited for
touchscreen input in addition to the traditional mouse, keyboard, and
pen input.
[edit] History and development
[edit] Early announcements
In January 2011, at the
Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Microsoft announced that Windows 8 would be adding support for
ARM microprocessors in addition to the traditional
x86 microprocessors from
Intel and
AMD.
[4][5]
[edit] Milestone leaks
A 32-bit Milestone 1 build, build 7850, with a build date of September 22, 2010, was leaked to BetaArchive, an online beta community, which was soon leaked to P2P/torrent sharing networks on April 12, 2011.
[6] Milestone 1 includes a
ribbon interface for Windows Explorer,
[7] a
PDF reader called
Modern Reader, an updated
task manager called
Modern Task Manager,
[8] and native
ISO image mounting.
[9]
A 32-bit Milestone 2 build, build 7927, was leaked to
The Pirate Bay on August 29, 2011
[10] right after many pictures leaked on BetaArchive the day before.
[11] Features of this build are mostly the same as build 7955.
[12]
A 32-bit Milestone 2 build, build 7955, was leaked to BetaArchive on April 25, 2011.
[13] Features of this build included a new pattern login and a new file system known as
Protogon.
[14]
A 64-bit Milestone 3 build, build 7959, was leaked to BetaArchive on May 1, 2011.
[15] This build is notable for being the first publicly leaked Windows Server 8 build, as well as the first leaked 64-bit build.
A Milestone 3 build, build 7971, was released to close partners of Microsoft on March 29, 2011
[16] but was kept under heavy security. However, a few screenshots were leaked. The "Windows 7 Basic" theme now uses similar metrics to the Aero style, but maintains its non-hardware accelerated design, and also supports taskbar thumbnails. The boxes that encase the "close, maximize, and minimize" buttons have been removed, leaving just the signs.
[17]
A 64-bit Milestone 3 build, build 7989, leaked to BetaArchive on June 18, 2011 after screenshots were revealed the previous day. An SMS feature, a new virtual keyboard, a new bootscreen, transparency in the basic theme, geo-location services,
Hyper-V 3.0, and
PowerShell 3.0 were revealed in this build.
[18]
[edit] Official announcements
At the Microsoft Developer Forum in Tokyo on May 23, 2011, Microsoft CEO
Steve Ballmer announced that the next version of Windows will be released the following year (in 2012).
[19]
- "And yet, as we look forward to the next generation of Windows systems, which will come out next year, there's a whole lot more coming. As we progress through the year, you ought to expect to hear a lot about Windows 8. Windows 8 slates, tablets, PCs, a variety of different form factors."[19]
However, the company quickly corrected Ballmer's words in a company statement issued that afternoon:
- "It appears there was a misstatement. We are eagerly awaiting the next generation of Windows 7 hardware that will be available in the coming fiscal year. To date, we have yet to formally announce any timing or naming for the next version of Windows."[20]
On June 1, 2011, Microsoft officially unveiled Windows 8 and some of its new features at the
Taipei Computex 2011 in Taipei (Taiwan) by Mike Angiulo and at the
D9 conference in California (United States) by Julie Larson-Green and Microsoft's Windows President
Steven Sinofsky.
[21][22] The main feature that was shown was the new user interface.
On August 15, 2011, Microsoft opened a new blog called "Building Windows 8" for users and developers.
[23]
[edit] Build conference and developer preview
Microsoft unveiled new Windows 8 features and improvements on September 13, 2011, day one of the BUILD developer conference.
[24] Microsoft also released a Developer Preview build (Build 8102) of Windows 8 for the developer community to download and start working with. This developer preview includes tools for building "metro style apps", such as
Microsoft Windows SDK for Metro style apps, Microsoft Visual Studio 11 Express for Windows 8 Developer Preview and
Microsoft Expression Blend 5 Developer Preview.
[25]
Microsoft has shown a development roadmap at the BUILD conference stating that the coming milestones will be Beta, Release Candidate,
RTM, and general availability.
According to Microsoft, there were more than 500,000 downloads of the Windows 8 Developer Preview within the first 12 hours of its release.
[26]
[edit] New features
Windows 8 will contain a new user interface based on Microsoft's
design language named
Metro. With the new change, the Start Menu was replaced in favor for the new Start Screen, where there are tiles that contain shortcuts to applications, Metro style applications, and updating tiles, similar to
Windows Phone.
A new authentication method allows users to sketch in three different places over the picture to login, instead of typing a password.
[27][28]
Windows Explorer now uses a
ribbon interface, similar to those used in Microsoft Office applications.
[29]
Another feature expected to be introduced in Windows 8 is
USB 3.0 support.
[30]
Windows 8 will come with
Windows Store, an online marketplace for buying, selling, and advertising applications.
[31]
Windows 8 can be run from a USB-connected drive, such as a flash drive. This feature is called
Windows To Go.
Windows 8 will support
multiple monitors with the new ability to natively display different background images on each display and customized taskbar(s) on each of the connected displays.
The Developer Preview comes with two new recovery functions.
[32] Refresh and
Reset, which both make a complete restore easier than a re-installation. The former keeps all the settings and files of the user intact and only reverses all changes to Windows files to its original state while removing all installed programs and apps. The latter deletes all files and effectively re-installs Windows, but without any additional user input such as agreeing to license agreements or selecting a hard disk required. After a reset completes, the user will be asked for the product key and will then proceed to account creation.
[33]
One big change is that user accounts do not have to be local-only (or from an
Active Directory domain) anymore but can be linked up to one's Windows Live ID. This has the advantage that users will not lose their settings and files as they move from their home computer to their work laptop or to any other computer also using Windows 8.
[34]
Other new features include a new Welcome screen,
[35] a new packaged application model called
AppX that is based on
Silverlight,
[36] and
Open Packaging Conventions,
[37] as well as a setting to automatically adjust window color to fit the wallpaper.
[38]
There is also a stripped down "Immersive" version of Internet Explorer, using the similar Metro-based user interface of the mobile version of
Internet Explorer 9.
[39] The Immersive Version of Internet Explorer 10 does not support ActiveX plugins, in order to be an
HTML5-only browser. The Desktop version of IE10 does support ActiveX plugins.
[40]
A new "Hybrid Boot" option that uses "advanced hibernation functionality" on shutdown to allow faster startup times.
[41][42]
A new version of
Task Manager with a re-designed user interface is also present in pre-release versions of Windows 8.
[edit] Hardware requirements
The system requirements for the Windows Developer Preview (a pre-release version of Windows 8) are similar to
those of Windows 7.
[43]
Minimum hardware requirements for Windows Developer Preview
| Architecture | 32-bit | 64-bit |
|---|
| Processor | 1 GHz x86 processor | 1 GHz x86-64 processor |
|---|
| Memory (RAM) | 1 GB | 2 GB |
|---|
| Graphics Card | DirectX 9 graphics processor with WDDM 1.0
(Not absolutely necessary; only required for Aero hardware acceleration) |
|---|
| HDD free space | 16 GB of free disk space | 20 GB of free disk space |
|---|
A multi-touch screen is also required to take advantage of touch input. For Metro applications, a screen resolution of 1024x768 or higher is required.
Microsoft may also require new PCs to have the
UEFI secure boot feature enabled by default to be given Windows 8 certification. There has been some concern about this.
[44] The manufacturer is free to choose which
signatures are accepted by the feature and to offer the ability to turn off the secure boot feature.
[45] Microsoft has addressed the issue in a blog post.
[46][47]
Microsoft has revealed the following maximum supported hardware specifications for Windows Server 8 at the BUILD conference.
[48]
| Logical processors | 640 (as opposed to 256 in Windows Server 2008 R2) |
|---|
| Random-access memory | 4 TB (as opposed to 2 TB in Windows Server 2008 R2) |
|---|
| Failover cluster nodes | 63 (as opposed to 16 in Windows Server 2008 R2) |
|---|
[edit] Compatibility
With regards to
backward compatibility old
x86 applications will not work on computers based on
ARM architecture; they will have to be
ported.
[49][50] Applications compatible with x86 and
x64 versions of Windows 7 will be able to run on x86 and x64 architectures of Windows 8.
[51]
Windows 8 Developer Preview is incompatible with some virtualization platforms, such as
Virtual PC. A blog post by Microsoft notes that the setup process is error-prone when installing in a virtual machine, and installing without
hardware virtualization enabled can be particularly problematic.
[52]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
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- ^ Microsoft Announces Support of System on a Chip Architectures From Intel, AMD, and ARM for Next Version of Windows: January 5, 2011. Microsoft.com (2011-01-05). Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
- ^ "Sinofsky shows off Windows 8 at D9". CNET. http://news.cnet.com/8301-31021_3-20068119-260.html?tag=topStories1. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ^ "Microsoft Announces Support of System on a Chip Architectures From Intel, AMD, and ARM for Next Version of Windows". Microsoft. January 5, 2011. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2011/jan11/01-05SOCsupport.mspx. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ^ Rosoff, Matt (January 5, 2011). "OK, So Windows Is Coming To ARM Tablets...Someday (MSFT)". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/01/05/businessinsider-microsoft-spills-beans-on--at-ces-2011-1.DTL. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ^ "Leak: Windows 8 M1 Build 7850 Screenshots". http://windows7themes.net/leak-windows-8-m1-build-7850-screenshots.html.
- ^ Thurrott, Paul (April 4, 2011). "Windows 8 Secrets: Windows Explorer Ribbon". SuperSite for Windows. http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-windows-explorer-ribbon-130084. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ "Registry Hack Enables Windows 8 M1 Webcam, Modern Reader, Ribbon & Task UI". http://compixels.com/7923/registry-hack-enables-windows-8-m1-webcam-modern-reader-ribbon-task-ui.
- ^ "Leaked Windows 8 M1 Build 7850 Screenshots". http://news.softpedia.com/newsImage/Leaked-Windows-8-M1-Build-7850-Screenshots-23.png/.
- ^ "Windows 8 Build 7927 x86 leak.". http://www.winrumors.com/windows-8-milestone-2-build-7927-leaks/.
- ^ "Windows 8 6.2.7927.x86fre screenshots .". http://www.betaarchive.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=21710.
- ^ "Windows 8 (7927) – UltraWindows.nl". 29 august 2011. http://ultrawindows.nl/tmp/windows/windows8/6279270.
- ^ "Windows 8 Build 7955 x86 leak.". http://www.winrumors.com/early-windows-8-milestone-2-build-7955-leaked/.
- ^ "Windows 8 – UltraWindows.nl". 15 juni 2011. http://ultrawindows.nl/tmp/windows/windows8/6279550.
- ^ "Windows Server 8 Build 7959 x64 leak.". http://www.winrumors.com/windows-server-8-milestone-3-build-7959-leaked/.
- ^ "Microsoft begins shipping Windows 8 Build 7971 via Connect". Windows 8 Center. March 29, 2011. http://windows8center.com/news/microsoft-begins-shipping-windows-8-build-7971-via-connect/.
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- ^ "Windows 8 Build 7989 Leaked, Features Many New Enhancements". ITProPortal.com. http://www.itproportal.com/2011/06/21/windows-8-build-7989-leaked-features-many-new-enhancements/. Retrieved 2011-09-08.
- ^ a b Ballmer, Steve. "Steve Ballmer: Microsoft Developer Forum". Microsoft News Center. Microsoft Corporation. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/steve/2011/05-23Developer.mspx. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
- ^ Keizer, Gregg. "Microsoft backpedals from Ballmer's Windows 8 comments". Computerworld Inc.. http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9217000/Microsoft_backpedals_from_Ballmer_s_Windows_8_comments?taxonomyId=18. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
- ^ "Microsoft Computex D9 Conference on Engadget.com". http://www.engadget.com/2011/06/01/live-from-microsofts-windows-8-preview-event-at-computex-2011/.
- ^ "Previewing 'Windows 8' at Microsoft Website". http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2011/jun11/06-01corporatenews.aspx.
- ^ Steven Sinofsky (2011-08-15). "Welcome to Building Windows 8 – Building Windows 8 – Site Home – MSDN Blogs". Blogs.msdn.com. http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/15/welcome-to-building-windows-8.aspx. Retrieved 2011-09-08.
- ^ "Windows 8 Developer Preview Guide" (PDF). http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/E/4/1E455D53-C382-4A39-BA73-55413F183333/Windows_Developer_Preview-Windows8_guide.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ "Windows BUILD by Microsoft". http://www.buildwindows.com/.
- ^ "Steve Ballmer touts 500,000 Windows 8 downloads in less than 12 hours". Engadget. http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/14/steve-ballmer-touts-500-000-windows-8-downloads-in-less-than-12/. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ Keynote #1 | BUILD2011 | Channel 9. Channel9.msdn.com (2011-09-13). Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
- ^ Windows 8 Picture Password Patent Filed by Microsoft. Windows 8 Beta (2011-09-21). Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
- ^ Mashable Tech – Spy Shots: Windows 8 With a Ribbon Interface?. Mashable.com (2011-04-03). Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
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- ^ Microsoft limits Windows 8 Metro apps to its own store. Electronista. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
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- ^ Thurrott, Paul. "Windows 8 Secrets: Welcome Screen". SuperSite for Windows. http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-welcome-screen-130065. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ Thurrott, Paul (April 5, 2011). "Windows 8 Secrets: Modern Reader". SuperSite for Windows. http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-modern-reader-135788. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ App packages and deployment. Msdn.microsoft.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
- ^ Thurrott, Paul (April 06, 2011). "Windows 8 Secrets: Aero Auto-Colorization". SuperSite for Windows. http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-aero-autocolorization-135807. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ Thurrott, Paul (April 5, 2011). "Windows 8 Secrets: Internet Explorer Immersive". SuperSite for Windows. http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-internet-explorer-immersive-135787. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
- ^ "Microsoft drops Flash from IE on Windows 8 tablets". BBC. 2011-09-16. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14949869. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ "Windows 8 "Hybrid Boot" discovered". http://www.neowin.net/news/windows-8-hybrid-boot-discovered.
- ^ http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/desktop-os/2011/09/09/windows-8-hybrid-mode-brings-faster-boot-40093896/
- ^ "ewindows Metro Style Apps Developer Downloads". Msdn.microsoft.com. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/br229516. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ "Blog post of Red Hat developer". Matthew Garrett. 2011-10-20. http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/5552.html.
- ^ "Microsoft Attempt to Address Windows 8 ‘Linux Worries’". 2011-10-23. http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/09/microsoft-attempt-address-windows-8-linux-worries/.
- ^ Tony Mangefeste (22 September 2011). "Protecting the pre-OS environment with UEFI". MSDN Blogs. http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/09/22/protecting-the-pre-os-environment-with-uefi.aspx. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ^ Lance Whitney (26 September 2011). "Microsoft addresses Windows 8 secure boot issue". Cnet. http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-20111545-75/microsoft-addresses-windows-8-secure-boot-issue/. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ^ "Q: What are Windows Server 8's Scalability Numbers?". http://www.winsupersite.com/content1/tabid/2936/catpath/windowsserver8/topic/windows-server-8s-scalability-numbers-140931. Retrieved November 05, 2011.
- ^ "Will Windows 8 have an ARM app gap?". betanews. September 19, 2011. http://betanews.com/2011/09/19/will-windows-8-have-an-arm-app-gap/. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
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- ^ "Running Windows 8 Developer Preview in a virtual environment". Microsoft. 2011-09-16. http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/09/16/running-windows-8-developer-preview-in-a-virtual-environment.aspx. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
[edit] External links
